American Epidemiology Journal: Guns In Home & Risk Of Violent Death: Findings Of National Study


By Jueseppi B.

 

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Guns in the Home and Risk of a Violent Death in the Home: Findings from a National Study

 

 

 

By:

  1. Linda L. Dahlberg1,
  2. Robin M. Ikeda2
  3. Marcie-jo Kresnow

 

Data from a US mortality follow-back survey were analyzed to determine whether having a firearm in the home increases the risk of a violent death in the home and whether risk varies by storage practice, type of gun, or number of guns in the home. Those persons with guns in the home were at greater risk than those without guns in the home of dying from a homicide in the home (adjusted odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 3.4).

 

Data from a US mortality follow-back survey were analyzed to determine whether having a firearm in the home increases the risk of a violent death in the home and whether risk varies by storage practice, type of gun, or number of guns in the home. Those persons with guns in the home were at greater risk than those without guns in the home of dying from a homicide in the home (adjusted odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 3.4).

 

Persons with guns in the home were also more likely to have died from suicide committed with a firearm than from one committed by using a different method (adjusted odds ratio = 31.1, 95% confidence interval: 19.5, 49.6).

 

Results show that regardless of storage practice, type of gun, or number of firearms in the home, having a gun in the home was associated with an increased risk of firearm homicide and firearm suicide in the home.

 

Over 50,000 homicides and suicides occur each year in the United States (1), making them among the leading causes of death, particularly for young people. In 2001, homicide was the second leading cause of death and suicide the third for persons 15–24 years of age (2). Approximately 60 percent of all homicides and suicides in the United States are committed with a firearm (2).

 

Although an estimated 40 percent of adults in the United States report keeping a gun in the home for recreational or protective purposes (3), the risks and benefits of this practice are widely disputed in the literature (45). Ecologic analyses have suggested a link between the prevalence of gun ownership and rates of homicide and suicide (68) and between regulations restricting access to firearms and rates of homicide and suicide (912).

 

Although these studies are useful in demonstrating an association between access to firearms and rates of homicide and suicide at the aggregate level, it is not possible with this methodology to adequately assess whether access to a gun increases the risk of a violent death at the individual level.

 

To address these limitations, previous researchers have used case-control study methodology to evaluate the relation between gun ownership and risk of a violent death in the home. For example, Kellermann et al. (13,14) examined the relation between gun ownership and injury outcomes. After they controlled for a number of potentially confounding factors, the presence of a gun in the home was associated with a nearly five fold risk of suicide (adjusted odds ratio = 4.8) (13) and an almost threefold risk of homicide (adjusted odds ratio = 2.7) (14). Other case-control studies have also found an increased risk of suicide for those with firearms in the home, with relative risks ranging from 2.1 to 4.4 (1519).

 

Some studies have specifically examined the association between purchase of a handgun and risk of a violent death (2021). In a case-control study of members of a large health maintenance organization, Cummings et al. (20) found that a history of family handgun purchase was associated with an elevated risk of both homicide and suicide.

 

Wintemute et al. (21) reported similar findings for suicide in a population-based cohort study of persons who had purchased a handgun in California. In both studies, the effects persisted for more than 5 years. However, studies conducted in other countries have failed to find a clear link between access to a firearm and risk of a suicide (22).

 

Many of the studies conducted to date have been based on small samples and were limited to specific population groups such as adolescents or older adults (1519). Most of the studies have also been limited to a few counties, geographic areas, or states. We know of only two national case-control studies that have examined the relation between access to a firearm and a violent death (2324). One study focused on the perpetration of homicide as opposed to victimization and found a relatively weak association (adjusted odds ratio = 1.4) between gun ownership and homicide perpetration (23).

 

The other study focused on victimization and found a strong association for suicide (adjusted odds ratio = 3.4) but a weak association for homicide (adjusted odds ratio = 1.4) (24). In both studies, cases and controls were drawn from different data sources, and neither study was able to control for many of the potential confounders of homicide or suicide.

 

To evaluate the relation between firearms in the home and violent deaths in the home, we analyzed data from a US mortality follow-back survey. The purpose of our study was twofold: 1) to determine whether having a firearm in the home increases the risk of a homicide or suicide in the home relative to other causes of death in the home, and 2) to determine whether having a firearm in the home increases the risk that a homicide or suicide in the home will be committed with a firearm or by using other means. To our knowledge, this is the first national study to specifically examine the relation between firearms and violent deaths in the home.

 

Read the entire report at The American Journal of Epidemiology.

 

 

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Mayors Against Illegal Guns: Ms. Caren Teves


 

By Jueseppi B.

 

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My son Alex was murdered when a gunman opened fire in a crowded movie theater in Aurora, CO. Alex was shot and killed while shielding his fiancée from the gunfire.

 

After Alex’s death, I wrote to Senator Jeff Flake and urged him to support common sense gun reform, including background checks for private gun sales. His response: “Strengthening background checks is something we agree on.”

 

But when it came time to vote, Senator Flake kept his promise to the NRA, not to me.

 

Senator Flake voted against expanding background checks to include gun shows, Internet sales, and classified ad sales. He went back on his word to me and refused to stand with the overwhelming majority of Americans.

 

Please take a minute to watch this new TV ad about Senator Flake’s broken promise, and share it with your friends and family.

 

 

Demand Action – My Son

 

Published on May 17, 2013

Mayors Against Illegal Guns today announced a new television ad holding Senator Jeff Flake accountable for not keeping his word to Arizonans Caren and Tom Teves, whose son Alex was killed in the Aurora theatre shooting while shielding his fiancée. The Teves, who voted for Senator Flake in 2012, sent a letter to their Senator asking him to vote for background check legislation and he responded that, “strengthening background checks is something we agree on.” Just one month later, Senator Flake voted against bipartisan legislation proposed by NRA A-rated Senators Pat Toomey and Joe Manchin — and supported by Senator John McCain — that would have closed loopholes that make it easy for dangerous people to get guns.

 

 

 

 

 

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Cartoonists Demand Action

 

Published on Apr 25, 2013

Some of the nation’s best loved cartoonists are calling on Congress to not back down and take action to enact common sense gun laws that will prevent violence and save lives.

 

 

 

 

 

Senator Jeff Flake voted to block legislation that would strengthen background checks, and went back on his word to Caren Teves, the mother of a gun violence victim.

 

Watch and share our new ad, and make sure your friends and family know where Senator Flake really stands.

 

A vote against background checks is a vote against 90% of Arizonans who support requiring background checks for all gun sales.

 

It’s shocking that Senator Flake went back on his word to me, but it’s even more shocking that he would ignore the will of the people he promised to represent.

 

Please share this ad today, and make sure your friends and family know where Senator Flake really stands:

http://www.demandaction.org/caren/

 

Thanks for spreading the word and fighting to end gun violence.

Caren Teves

 

 

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A young attendee inspects an assault rifle during the NRA Annual Meeting in Houston, Texas

 

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The 32nd Annual National Peace Officers’ Memorial Service


By Jueseppi B.

 

 

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President Barack Obama, Attorney General Eric Holder and Secretary of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano look on during the 32nd annual National Peace Officers’ Memorial Service at the West Front Lawn at the U.S. Capitol

 

 

Remarks by the President at the National Peace Officers Memorial Service

 

 

Barack Obama, Eric Holder

 

 

 

 

Remarks by the President at the National Peace Officers Memorial Service

 

President Obama Speaks at the National Peace Officers Memorial Service

 

May 15, 2013 | 9:37 | Public Domain

 

President Obama delivers remarks at the National Peace Officers Memorial Service, an annual ceremony honoring law enforcement who were killed in the line of duty in the previous year.

 

 

 

 

U.S. Capitol
Washington, D.C.

 

11:20 A.M. EDT

 

THE PRESIDENT:  Thank you.  (Applause.)  Thank you, everybody.  Please have a seat.  Thank you, Chuck, for that introduction and more importantly for your leadership as National President of the Fraternal Order of Police.  I want to recognize the entire Order and all its leaders, including Jim Pasco, for everything that you do on behalf of the fine officers who walk the beat, or answer the call, and do the difficult work of keeping our communities safe all across the country.

 

I want to also acknowledge FOP Auxiliary President Linda Hennie for the good work that she and all her members do to support the families of police officers.  We are very grateful to you, to Speaker Boehner, Leader Pelosi, members of Congress, members of my administration who are here, to all the law enforcement officials who are and, most of all, to the survivor families.

 

Scripture tells us, “None of us lives to himself, and none of us dies to himself.”  The brave officers we gather to remember today devoted themselves so fully to others — to serve and to protect others — that in the process they were willing to give their lives.

 

And so, today, let us not remember them just for how they died, but also for how they lived.

 

Officer Bruce St. Laurent of the Jupiter, Florida Police Department was, according to a friend, “just what a cop should be:  tough, compassionate, caring, and brave.”  But to his community, he was more than a cop.  He was a cancer survivor.  He was a guest teacher at Jupiter High School who used the laws of traffic to help kids learn physics.  He was an amateur snake charmer of sorts, eagerly taking panicked calls about snakes on the loose.  And at Christmas time, he loved being Santa Claus for the kids in the local Head Start program.

 

I have the privilege of working with some of the nation’s finest law enforcement officers and professionals every day.  And I’m perpetually mindful of the sacrifices they make for me and for my family, and for other leaders and visiting dignitaries, but never more so than when I was told that Officer St. Laurent was struck and killed by another vehicle while driving his motorcycle as part of my motorcade.

 

Bruce was a loving husband to Brenda, a doting father to Larry, and Albert, and Lenny, and Chartelle.  And he will be missed so deeply by his family at home and by his family in the force.  And the police officers who came from all over the country to attend Bruce’s funeral, some bringing their motorcycles as far away as California, they’re a testimony to how much he’ll be missed.

 

Like Bruce, Deputy Sheriff Barbara Ann Pill of Brevard County Sheriff’s Office in Florida was a force for good in her community — remembered as a “behind-the-scenes hero” by those who knew her.  Because for Barbara, helping others was never a question.  Before joining the force, she counseled abused children and helped families struggling with domestic abuse.  That passion served her and led her to a career in law enforcement, and inspired her two sons to follow.  So when Barbara was shot while investigating a suspicious vehicle last spring, not only did her husband, Steve, lose his partner of more than 30 years, the town of Melbourne, and the nation itself, lost one of its most dedicated citizens.

 

All of you in law enforcement, you devote your lives to serving and protecting your communities.  Many of you have done it for your country as well.  After serving two tours in Iraq as a Marine, Bradley Michael Fox retired with honor and followed his dream to becoming a police officer.  He had been with the Plymouth Township Police Department in Pennsylvania for five years when he was shot and killed pursuing a suspect last September.  It was the day before his 35th birthday, and six months before the birth of his son.

 

Nothing will replace the enthusiasm that he brought to his job, or the tremendous pride he had in his family.  But today, Brad’s wife, Lynsay, and daughter, Kadence, and baby, Brad Jr., have a living reminder of their fallen hero — that’s Brad’s K9 partner, a trusty shepherd named Nick, who Lynsay adopted into the family when he retired from the force last fall.

 

Deputy Sheriff Scott Ward also defined service.  He was a former officer in the Air Force, a deputy in the Baldwin County, Alabama, Sheriff’s Office for 15 years, and finished a tour in Afghanistan last year as a reservist in the Coast Guard.

 

Last November, Deputy Sheriff Ward was shot and killed in the line of duty while trying to settle a domestic dispute.  And he died as he lived — serving his community and his country.  And the fact that his funeral procession stretched for miles demonstrated the thanks of a grateful nation to Scott’s wife, Andrea, and his family.

 

At Scott’s funeral, Baldwin Country Sheriff Huey Mack said, “Tomorrow we will continue to grieve Scott, but we will have to move on.  That’s what Scott would want us to do because our mission does not stop.”

 

That message I think rings true in every police department across the country.  As difficult as times may be, as tough as the losses may be, your mission does not stop.  You never let down your guard.  And those of us who you protect should never let slide our gratitude either.  We should not pause and remember to thank first responders and police officers only in the wake of tragedy.  We should do it every day.  And those of us who have the privilege to lead should all strive to support you better — whether it’s making sure police departments and first responders have the resources they need to do their jobs, or the reforms that are required to protect more of our officers and their families from the senseless epidemics of violence that all too often wrack our cities and haunt our neighborhoods.

 

And Bobby Kennedy once said that the fight against crime “is a fight to preserve that quality of community which is at the root of our greatness.”

 

The 143 fallen officers we honor today put themselves on the front lines of that fight, to preserve that quality of community, and to protect the roots of our greatness.  They exemplified the very idea of citizenship — that with our God-given rights come responsibilities and obligations to ourselves and to others.  They embodied that idea.  That’s the way they died.  That’s how we must remember them.  And that’s how we must live.

 

We can never repay our debt to these officers and their families, but we must do what we can, with all that we have, to live our lives in a way that pays tribute to their memory.  That begins, but does not end, by gathering here — with heavy hearts, to carve their names in stone, so that all will know them, and that their legacy will endure.  We are grateful to them and we are grateful to you.

 

May God bless the memory of those we lost, and may God continue to bless the United States of America.  (Applause.)

 

 

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END
11:29 A.M. EDT

 

 

Barack Obama

 

 

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Barack Obama, Eric HolderWhen you called Issa “unacceptable & shameful”…I spit my sweet mango tea all over my laptop.

 

 

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The Daily 411 From Barack’s House


 

By Jueseppi B.

 

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Celebrating “We the Geeks

 

Tomorrow, the White House is kicking off “We the Geeks,” a new series of Google+ Hangouts to highlight the future of science, technology, and innovation here in the United States.

 

We’re covering topics like commercial space exploration, STEM education, and turning science fiction to science fact.

 

Learn more about “We the Geeks,” and tune in tomorrow at 2 p.m. ET

 

 

Cristin Dorgelo
May 14, 2013
02:35 PM EDT

 

Note: Watch the first ‘We the Geeks” Hangout on Thursday, May 16, at 2:00 p.m. EDT on WhiteHouse.gov and on the White House Google+ page. You can join the conversation on Twitter with the hashtag #WeTheGeeks.

 

On May 16th, the White House is kicking off “We the Geeks,” a new series of Google+ Hangouts to highlight the future of science, technology, and innovation here in the United States. Topics such as commercial space exploration, science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) education, turning science fiction to science fact, and others will be discussed with Administration officials and key private sector contributors.

 

The first “We the Geeks” Hangout will focus on Grand Challenges, ambitious goals on a national or global scale that capture the imagination and demand advances in innovation and breakthroughs in science and technology. Grand Challenges are an important element of President Obama’s Strategy for American Innovation. On April 2nd, the President called on companies, research universities, foundations, and philanthropists to join with him in identifying and pursuing the Grand Challenges of the 21st century.

 

Read More

 

 

Photo of the Day

 

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In this photo provided by Downtown Montessori Academy teacher Jenny Aicher, Aicher holds a note, Monday, May 13, 2013, in Milwaukee, written by Vice President Joe Biden to Myles, a 7-year-old second-grader at the school. / AP Photo/Jenny Aicher

 

 

7-year-old boy gets handwritten letter from Biden

 

Written by  M.L. JOHNSON, Associated Press

MILWAUKEE — A Wisconsin boy wrote Vice President Joe Biden with an unusual suggestion for making the nation safer: Create guns that shoot chocolate bullets.

 

On Monday, he got an unusual response: A handwritten note from Biden on vice presidential stationery.

 

The response thrilled the child, a 7-year-old second-grader, along with his classmates and staff at Downtown Montessori Academy in Milwaukee. Hours later, teachers and others at the school were still abuzz.

 

“Everybody was impressed. You should have seen everybody. Their faces were just wide-eyed,” said Virginia Flynn, the head of school. “The fact that it was handwritten made it really special,” she added.

 

The student, Myles, wrote to Biden, President Barack Obama and U.S. Rep. Gwen Moore several months ago. It was after the shootings at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Conn., and gun violence was in the news. Myles had been having lunch with the school’s reading specialist, Barbara Rankin, when he told her he had an idea.

 

“He said if we have chocolate bullets, nobody would get hurt and nobody would be sad,” Rankin said. “I’m going to start crying again because he was so insightful.”

 

Rankin told Myles it was a good idea and that they should share it with people who could do something about the problem. They received a response a few weeks ago from Moore, but it was a form letter with a quick, personal note jotted at the bottom.

 

Then an envelope from Biden’s office arrived Monday at the school office. It went to Flynn since Myles had signed his letter with his first name but no last name and the school’s address. The school did not release Myles’ last name Monday, and his mother did not immediately respond to an email from The Associated Press.

 

Flynn rushed the letter up to Myles’ class where she shared it with him and his classmates.

 

“Dear Myles,” the letter said. “I’m sorry it took me so very long to respond to your letter. I really like your idea. If we had guns that shot chocolate, not only would our country be safer, it would be happier. People love chocolate. You are a good boy, Joe Biden.”

 

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Read More

 

 

 

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In Case You Missed It

 

Here are some of the top stories from the White House blog:

 

Meeting with Mothers and Advocates for Our Children
In his State of the Union address, President Obama called on Congress to expand access to high-quality pre-school to every child in America.

 

President Obama Meets with Prime Minister David Cameron
The two leaders meet to discuss issues ranging from economic development to the unfolding conflict in Syria.

 

First Lady Michelle Obama Delivers the Commencement Address at Eastern Kentucky University
First Lady Michelle Obama celebrates a new class of graduates.

 

 

 

Today’s Schedule

 

schedule-calendars

 

 

All times are Eastern Daylight Time (EDT).

 

9:45 AM: The President and the Vice President receive the Presidential Daily Briefing.

 

 

 

11:00 AM: The President delivers remarks at the National Peace Officers Memorial Service.

 

May 15, 2013

Remarks by the President at the National Peace Officers Memorial Service

 

 

 

12:30 PM: Press Briefing by Press Secretary Jay Carney.

 

 

12:30 PM: The President and the Vice President meet for lunch.

 

 

2:30 PM: The Vice President meets with Prime Minister Ivica Dacic of Serbia.

 

 

 

Statements and Releases

 

May 15, 2013

Statement by the Press Secretary on the visit of President Thein Sein of Myanmar to the White House

 

 

May 15, 2013

Dr. Jill Biden to Deliver 2013 Commencement Address at Navajo Technical College

 

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Dr. Jill Biden to Deliver 2013 Commencement Address at Navajo Technical College

On Friday, May 17th, at 10:00 AM MT/ 12:00 PM ET, Dr. Jill Biden will deliver the commencement address at Navajo Technical College in Crownpoint, New Mexico.  Dr. Biden will address the 33rd graduating class of Navajo Technical College (NTC), one of two tribal colleges serving the Navajo Nation. NTC was recently recognized for the second consecutive year by the Aspen Institute College Excellence Program as being one of the top 120 community colleges in the United States, in part because of its graduation rate near 80 percent.

 

NTC offers 20 certificate programs, 15 associate degrees, and six baccalaureate degrees to a student population of nearly 1,800 students. Many of the programs at NTC are designed to help create new jobs and economic opportunities on or near the Navajo Nation, while equipping their students with the skills they need to succeed in those jobs.  Through this approach, NTC has developed partnerships and collaborations with other universities, including Arizona State University, the private sector, and federal agencies.

 

The commencement, including Dr. Biden’s remarks, will be live streamed athttp://www.ustream.tv/channel/navajo-tech-crownpoint-nm.

 

 

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Bakersfield Cops Beat Father To Death As He Begged For His Life


 

By Jueseppi B.

 

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Published on May 12, 2013

5/11/2013 : BAKERSFIELD, CAKern County deputies beat an intoxicated man to death in the street Tuesday night, then detained and intimidated witnesses, confiscated video evidence, and arrested another man who spoke out. David Silva was beaten with batons, left in a pool of blood until an ambulance finally arrived after he was already dead.

 

A female 9-1-1 caller named Selena told the dispatcher, “There’s a man laying on the floor, and your police officers beat the (expletive) out of him and killed him.” She said that she witnessed the victim do nothing wrong to cause 8 officers to bludgeon him to death. “These cops had no reason to do this to this man.”

 

 

Police Beat a Father To Death While He Begs For Help – Then Arrest Witnesses and Confiscate Video

 

 

 

 

A 19-year-old male witness, Ruben Ceballos, was awakened around midnight by screams and loud banging noises outside his home. He said he ran to the left side of his house to find out who was causing the ruckus.”When I got outside I saw two officers beating a man with batons and they were hitting his head so every time they would swing, I could hear the blows to his head.” He said that Silva was on the ground screaming for help, but officers continued to beat him After several minutes, Silva stopped screaming and was no longer responsive, according to Ceballos.

 

https://www.facebook.com/PoliceStateUSA

 

 

Another witness, Jason Land, said that he witnessed the beating of David Silva. “They jumped out, reached for their bats, and beat that man until they killed him,” he said, “right in front of my face.” Land spoke up about what he saw and was arrested as retaliation. The witness was on probation and says police responded to his eyewitness report by claiming he was high on PCP and arrested him without any proof.

 

Witnesses also say that the victim’s body was left to bleed out in the street for a prolonged period without any medical attention, wasting crucial minutes before the ambulance arrived. By that point, it was too late and CPR attempts were futile.

 

Other witnesses, including Melissa Quair, were harassed and told that they must surrender their cell phones as “evidence.” Their houses were even searched as a crime scene in order to confiscate the video evidence.

 

 

Bakersfield Cops Beat Father To Death As He Begged For His Life

 

Published on May 14, 2013

May 14, 2013 – Bakersfield police are accused of beating a man to death and confiscating videos of the incident. Stephanie Elam reports.

 

 

 

The victim’s brother, Christopher Silva, says his brother was murdered and wants justice. He is demanding that his brother’s body be released so that he can see the result of the beating. He wants the confiscated videos to be released. “My brother spent the last eight minutes of his life pleading, begging for his life. The true evidence is in those phone witnesses that apparently the sheriff deputies already took. But I know the truth will come out and my brother’s voice will be heard.”

 

 

 

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Police Beating David Silva in Bakersfield

 

Published on May 10, 2013

The security camera footage of the beating in Bakersfield on the morning of May 9, 2013 of David Silva by multiple police officers.

 

 

 

 

 

Cops beat to death David Silva 911 witness Call Audio

 

 

 

David Silva, 33, died just after midnight Wednesday, minutes after a confrontation with deputies. They reportedly tried to take Silva into custody for alleged public intoxication, and Silva allegedly fought and resisted arrest. The sheriff’s office admitted to using “baton strikes” to gain control of the situation.

 

Friday morning, the coroner’s office released its first post-autopsy comment, which left much unanswered: “After completing an autopsy, the cause of death is pending toxicology and microscopic studies.”

 

Multiple witnesses have come forward, claiming to have witnessed an unwarranted episode of brutality.

 

 

 

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